ENTRY 4_ PHẠM THỊ PHƯƠNG THẢO

ENTRY 4: ANALYSING ARGUMENT

ITEM 1:

SOURCE: http://www.google.com.vn/imgres?hl=vi&tbo=d&authuser=0&biw=930&bih=437&tbm=isch&tbnid=MdxWWzKzdIQgsM:&imgrefurl=http://theologica.ning.com/forum/topics/image-of-the-day%3Fxg_source%3Dactivity%26id%3D2124612%253ATopic%253A313372%26page%3D14&docid=HbQSSBElrDSz7M&imgurl=http://api.ning.com/files/VLJvc8HS-bn9y4Hc15mTH0*g2bF1vjMWcWXPPAEOQkGvrSMXnhPQ62xRUAtHmOG2Qako0SZP26NVf62w2ywrSzLR8lpziV07/Logic.jpg&w=307&h=310&ei=M0WmULqcNKqyiQeUzoEw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=281&vpy=83&dur=27171&hovh=227&hovw=223&tx=88&ty=151&sig=117539372260384375657&page=1&tbnh=148&tbnw=145&start=0&ndsp=11&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0,i:86 

ANALYSING:

The structure of the argument:

Penguins are black and white                     à              S is P

Some old TV shows are black and white   à              a is P

 

Some penguins are old TV shows             à              S is a

è Structural fallacy: because the right structure is:               S is P

                                                                                        a is S

                                                                                        a is P

     therefore, the conclusion is invalid.

ITEM 2:

SOURCE: http://www.google.com.vn/imgres?um=1&hl=vi&sa=N&tbo=d&authuser=0&biw=930&bih=437&tbm=isch&tbnid=3MooEcTt763emM:&imgrefurl=http://weavercircle.wordpress.com/2011/01/18/the-false-dilemma/&docid=nLntSfBLigwKtM&imgurl=http://weavercircle.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/dumb3.jpg&w=160&h=160&ei=u1GmUOvtDIWziQeGFg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=347&vpy=175&dur=422&hovh=129&hovw=129&tx=73&ty=85&sig=117539372260384375657&page=1&tbnh=129&tbnw=128&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:74

ANALYSING:

While analysing the content of the argument,this argument makes a fallacy of presumption in general, and false dilemma in detail.

In the picture, they mention only 2 choices: love America or leave America. In fact, there are not only 2 choices for people who live in America, because, there are many people who don’t love America but they still have to live in it because of many factors such as: their job mission, the opportunities to get an advanced education, the chances to get a good job with higher salary, and so on.

ITEM 3: 

SOURCE: http://www.google.com.vn/imgres?um=1&hl=vi&tbo=d&authuser=0&biw=930&bih=437&tbm=isch&tbnid=ntVilCz_WpOLLM:&imgrefurl=http://learning4everyone.wordpress.com/2012/04/05/ks2-literacy-argument-texts/&docid=EBG9eW9YBd3G7M&imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks2bitesize/english/images/personal_attack.gif&w=226&h=226&ei=deCpUP20DomZiAeV24DwBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=4&vpy=115&dur=17872&hovh=180&hovw=180&tx=115&ty=121&sig=117539372260384375657&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=144&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:65

ANALYSING:

While analysing the content of the argument,this argument makes a fallacy of relevance in general, and personal attack in detail.

In the picture, it can be seen that, the 1^st person say that “ I think humans used to be able to fly but then we forgot how”, the 2^nd person, instead of giving evidences to argue against the 1^st one, turns out to attack the 1^st one by saying “Do you know what I think? I think you are mad!