Entry4_PhamThiLeChinh

Name: Pham Thi Le Chinh

Class: 10 E7

Entry 4: Argument structures and fallacies

Item 1: Funny story:

     Sau khi đến hiện trường, cảnh sát hình sự viết báo cáo điều tra:
"Tối qua, tại trung tâm thành phố, một tiệm thuốc tây đã bị vét sạch, chỉ còn lại thuốc ngừa thai và dầu gội đầu. Kết luận: Thủ phạm là một người đàn ông trên 70 tuổi và bị hói".

  Source: http://www.wapma.mobi/truyen/truyencuoi/c/s/6294.html

  

 * The climinal police’s inference follows this:

    When stealing in the pharmacy,

-         If a young people has ability to give birth, he will take a pill which prevents someone being pregnant.

-         If  a person is stranded, he will take a shampoo

-         However, that pill and a shampoo is not stolen.

Conclusion: A thief is a men who is over 70 years old and is bald.

 * Argument Fallacy:  If  A, then B

                                      Not A

                                      Therefore, not B

 * Fallacy of presumption: The climinal police does not have enough evidence to confirm who is a thief as well as features of a thief. The inference above is wrong because a thief can steal anything in the phamarcy which brings him benefits.It doesn’t mean that they will take all things which they need to use directly.

Item 2: 

      

      www.hanoicity.jaovat.com

* Denying the antecedent

   If you use WEICALI shampoo, you will have a black hair.( If A, then B )

   If you don’t use this shampoo, ( not B)

   You will not a black hair like this. (therefore, not A).

     *However, the truth is that you can also have a black hair if you use other shampoos.

     *Fallacy of ambiguity: Slogan “Goi la Den” because it is not a clear denifition about shampooing. I think that the way / process you shampoo is also an important thing to make you have a beautiful black hair.

  Item 3:  

                             Đau đớn thay, phận đàn bà,
                       Lời rằng bạc mệnh cũng là lời chung.

                                        (Đoạn trường tân thanh, Nguyễn Du)

   * Argument structure:

    Premise 1: women are inauspicious.

    Premise 2: if someone is a woman ,

    Concusion: Someone is inauspicious.

   * Argument  fallacy:

In these two poem sentences, Nguyen Du considered that all of women are inauspicious but in reality, there are many lucky and sucsessful women. Therefore, this argument is appeal to popularity.