Entry 4_Nguyễn Thị Nguyệt

                         Entry 4

Argument structures and fallacies

*       Item 1: Picture

-         Source: https://www.google.com.vn/search?hl=vi&q=affirming+the+consequent+examples&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bpcl=38625945&biw=660&bih=634&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=X52oUMi8MafBiQeOi4DYDg

-         Analysis:   Deductive Reasoning

Premise 1:   All crackheads love Mountain Dew.

Premise 2:   I love Mountain Dew.

                    _______________________________

         Conclusion:  I am a crackhead.

-         Fallacy type:

                           All S are P

                           a is P                                → invalid

                           Therefore, a is S

       → Structure Fallacies: arguing backwards with all

              => Correct: Similar type of valid or strong argument:

                   

                                     All S are P

                                     a is S

                                     Therefore, a is P

                    <=>         All crackheads love Mountain

                                    I am a crackhead

                                   _____________________________

                                   Therefore, I love Mountain Dew.

*    Item 2: Picture

-         Source: http://www.google.com.vn/imgres?um=1&hl=vi&sa=N&biw=660&bih=634&tbm=isch&tbnid=rn5JyahwAsBMBM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cracked.com/funny-1314-logical-fallacy/&docid=-RvaIjGv8CjjvM&imgurl=http://www.newfrontiernews.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Jenny-McCarthy-logic-fail.jpg&w=589&h=343&ei=E9iqUIz8IeuXiQfLsoD4Cw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=703&vpy=169&dur=802&hovh=171&hovw=294&tx=138&ty=69&sig=115250332780608647161&page=1&tbnh=143&tbnw=246&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:93

-         Analysis:

This picture clearly show that her son developed autism after having his vaccine. Therefore, she thinks that vaccine is the main reason.

→ Content Fallacies: Fallacies of Presumption: Post-hoc fallacy: “after this therefore because of this”: false premise.

     => It is probably a coincidence.

*       Item 3: Picture

-         Source: http://www.google.com.vn/imgres?start=123&num=10&hl=vi&biw=1366&bih=665&tbm=isch&tbnid=L6IskX0hyOS39M:&imgrefurl=http://memepics.com/best-of-religion-pidgeon/religion-pidgeon-proof-that-god-exists&docid=Bn1j0Qt6_6-QeM&imgurl=http://memepics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/religion-pidgeon-proof-that-god-exists.jpg&w=600&h=600&ei=Ze2qUIr7L6neigeqloDYBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=895&vpy=114&dur=1192&hovh=225&hovw=225&tx=166&ty=96&sig=115250332780608647161&page=6&tbnh=154&tbnw=154&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:41,s:100,i:127

→ Content Fallacies: Fallacies of relevance: Appeal to popularity.

-         Analysis: This argument is an appeal to popularity and it may be true simply because God is widespread. (Many people believe that God exists and has supernatural power. Therefore, they worship, trust and believe in God.) However, it is fallacy because God exists based solely on the popularity of belief in God. Therefore, it can be mistaken and not true despite its popularity.